Laser devices are widely employed in a vast array of commercial uses . Such powerful instruments leverage an near-infrared emission of the gas radiation to cleanly engrave multiple materials , such as polymers, lumber, and textiles . Knowing the operation of these systems is essential for secure handling and obtaining best outcomes . Selecting the

Expanded polystyrene (EPS) polymer presents unique challenges and opportunities for precision molding processes. Large-scale CNC machining emerges as a powerful solution, enabling the creation of complex and intricate EPS forms with exceptional accuracy. This technique employs computer-aided design (CAD) to generate precise machining instructions,